This Discussion Paper sets out to understand and describe opportunities for adapting international humanitarian standards to a regional, national or local level in preparing for, or responding to a disaster. It is based on a series of consultations with Sphere country focal points and a literature review, and presents a number of brief case studies to illustrate the main findings and recommendations. It concludes with a set of suggestions for advocates and Sphere focal points to take forward work with NDMAs. (Arabic version)